ISHIK2024
Title：About Ceramic which written ink letters excavated from Kanzeonji Temple in Dazaifu City
発表者：森山 龍輝 （Ryuki Moriyama）
所属：福岡大学大学院人文科学研究科 （Graduate student, Graduate School of Humanities, Fukuoka University）
キーワード：太宰府, 観世音寺, 日米貿易, 墨書陶磁器, 在来知
Keywords：Dazaifu, Kanzeonji, Japan-Song trade, Ceramic with written ink letters. Indigenous Knowledge
要旨：
福岡県太宰府市にある観世音寺は、7世紀後半に天智天皇によって発願された大寺院である。1102年には、大風で伽藍が大きく破損したが、観世音寺別当の運宴は、日宋貿易で得た利益によって、これを再建したと考えられ、発掘調査でも、日宋貿易で輸入された中国陶磁器が大量に出土している。その中には文字を墨書したものが 70 点以上含まれる。墨書陶磁器は博多遺跡群や、宋代の沈船からも出土し、紐で束ねた質易陶磁器の最上面の1個に姓や花押を書いて商品の所有を表示したとされ、貿易陶磁器の管理と流通を解明する手がかりとなる。一方、日本でも8世紀以降、国産陶器や十器類に文字や記号を、墨書をする文化がみられる。観世音寺では、中国人海商が遺したものとは性格が異なる墨書陶磁器がみられ、日本の墨書土器に近い性格のものを含んでいることが予測される。そこで本研究では、観世音寺出土品について、記入された文字の内容と出土地点を分析するとともに、日本の中世遺跡で見られる墨書土器・陶器類及び中国での出土事例と比較し、中国海商の商業上の符丁が日本の在来文化にどのような影響を与えたのかを検討した。
Abstract：
Kanzeonji Temple in Dazaifu City, Fukuoka Prefecture is a large temple that was built at the wish of Emperor Tenchi in the late 7th century. In 1102, the temple was severely damaged by the great wind, but it is believed that Senen of the Kanzeonji betto rebuilt the temple using the profits obtained from the Japan-Song trade, In addition, excavations also unearthed a large amount of Chinese ceramics imported by the Japan-Song trade. Among them are more than 70 Chinese ceramics with written ink. Ceramic with written ink letters were also excavated from the Hakata archaeological complex and from sunken ships of the Song dynasty, and Chinese traders are presumed to wrote their surnames and Kao(written seal mark)on one of the top surfaces of the trade ceramics bundled with strings to display the ownership of the goods, This has been cited as a clue to unravel the management and distribution of trade ceramics. On the other hand, Japan has had a culture of writing letters and symbols on domestic pottery and earthenware after the 8th century. In Kanzeonji Temple, ceramics with characteristics different from those of ink letters written by Chinese merchants can be seen. It is predicted that it contains a character close to Japanese pottery which written ink letters. In this study, I analyzed the content and distribution of ink contained in the Kanzeonji excavated articles and examined the relationship with the Japan-Song trade. Furthermore, compared the ink of earthenware and ceramic excavated in Japan’s medieval ruins and China. And based on the results, I investigated how the business practices of Chinese merchants influenced indigenous culture in Japan.