ISHIK2024
Title：Trade Availability and Trade Availability of Availability
-From Comparative Advantage to Comprehensive Competitive Advantage
発表者：邓宏图 （Hongtu Deng）
所属：广州大学新结构经济学研究中心,广州 510405,中国 （New Structural Economics Research Centre, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510405, China）
キーワード：贸易可得与贸易可得之可得, 潜在比较优势, 实际比较优势, 综合竞争优势
Keywords：trade availability and trade availability of availability, potential comparative advantage, actual comparative advantage, combined competitive advantage
要旨：
政府的作用或国家的作用与市场的作用是内在地嵌合在一起,是国家能力塑造了贸易可得条件,否则,一切优势均是潜在优势而无法变成实际优势。诸多历史案例表明,在经济增长中国家能力是内生性的动员或老配置资源的“力量”,它并非外生给定的,这和新古典发展经济学对政府的定位是完全不同的,与奥地利学派的分析逻辑就更泾渭分明了。1979年前中国的成昆铁路、三线建设、大量基础性工业和基础性设施的建设、大量的独立的初步完整的工业体系等等均是不可或缺的,它们为改革开放中发挥比较优势提供了坚实的贸易可得条件。历史地看,如果没有一段必要的原始资本积累和基础性工业的建设,要发挥比较优势几乎是不可想像的,也就是说,是不可能的。一旦在比较优势中加进了它的形成的历史前提,即贸易可得与贸易可得之可得条件,也就是加载进了国家能力, 则比较优势无疑地就变成了综合竞争优势了。
Abstract：
The role of government, or the role of the state, is intrinsically embedded in the role of the market, and it is the capacity of the state that shapes the terms of trade availability; otherwise, all advantages are potential and cannot be turned into actual advantages. Many historical cases show that state capacity in economic growth is an endogenous “force” for mobilising or allocating resources, it is not exogenously given, which is quite different from the position of government in neoclassical development economics, and even more different from the logic of the Austrian school of analysis. the Chengkun Railway in pre-1979 China, The construction of the Third Front, the construction of a large number of basic industries and infrastructural facilities, the construction of a large number of independent and initially complete industrial systems, and so on, were all indispensable, and they provided solid trade availability conditions for the fulfilment of comparative advantages in the context of reform and opening up. Historically, it is almost inconceivable, that is to say, impossible, to exploit comparative advantage without a necessary period of primitive capital accumulation and the construction of basic industries. Once the historical preconditions for the formation of comparative advantage are added to it, namely, the availability of trade and the availability of trade, i.e., national capabilities, comparative advantage undoubtedly becomes an overall competitive advantage.