「医制」成立と在来知

ISHIK2024

Title:Establishment of the “Medical Regulations” and Indigenous Knowledge

発表者:青木 歳幸 (Toshiyuki AOKI)
所属:佐賀大学地域学歴史文化研究センター特命教授 (Special Professor. The Center for Regional Culture and History, Saga University)

キーワード:医制, 相良知安, 医師国家資格試験制度, ドイツ医学導入, 医学7科

Keywords:Medical Regulations, Chian Sagara, national medical qualification examination system, Introduction of German medicine, 7 departments of medicine

要旨:
我が国近代医学・医療制度は、明治7 年(1874)8月18日に公布された「民制」76条から始まった。「医制」の草案は、佐賀藩出身の相良知安が起草した「医制略則」85条であった。相良知安は佐賀藩の西洋医学校好生館、佐倉の蘭学塾順天堂、長崎の養生所などで西洋医学を学んだ。明治2年 (1869) に明治政府の役人となり、日本へのドイツ医学の導入、医学校での西洋式医学教育の開始を推進し、明治6年(1873)に「医制略則」を起草し、これが明治7年の「医制」の素案となった。本稿では、「医制」における西洋医学制度のうち、医師の国家資格試験制度や医学7科という教育課程がなぜ条文化できたのかについて検討する。その前提となったのは、佐賀藩の西洋医学教育制度であった。それにより外来知である西洋医学教育が「医制」のなかに在来知化していく過程を明らかにする。

Abstract:
Japan’s modern medical system began with the 76 articles of the Medical Regulations, which were promulgated on August 18, 1874. The draft of the “Medical Regulations” was the “Simplified Rules for the Medical System,” 85 articles drafted by Chian Sagara, a native of the Saga Domain. Chian Sagara studied western medicine at Koseikan, a western medical school in the Saga domain, Juntendo, a Dutch studies school in Sakura, and the Seitokukan in Nagasaki. In 1869, he became a Meiji government official and promoted the introduction of German medicine to Japan and the start of Western-style medical education at medical schools. In 1873, he drafted the “Medicine System Outline”. This led to the promulgation of the “Medical Regulations” in 1874. This article elucidates why the national qualification examination system for doctors in the western medical system of the “Medical Regulations”, and curriculum, such as the seven medical courses could be codified. The premise for this was the Western medical education system of the Saga domain. This article elucidates why the national qualification examination system for doctors in the western medical system of the “Medical Regulations”, and curriculum, such as the seven medical courses could be codified.