ISHIK2024
Title:A Study on the Possibility of Producing Armor Using Iron Cauldrons as Material
発表者:桃崎 祐輔 (Yusuke MOMOSAKI)
所属:福岡大学人文学部教授 (Professor, Faculty of Humanities and Department of History, Fukuoka University)
キーワード:鉄鍋, リサイクル, 大鎧, 小札, 11・12 世紀, 始発原料, 鉄鉱石
Keywords:iron cauldron, recycle, Great armor, armorplatelet, 11th and 12th century, Starting raw material, Iron ore
要旨:
日本列島では、11世紀頃から内耳鉄鍋が出現する。鉄鍋の始発原料が鉄鉱石である場合は、輸入品か、輸入鉄素材を使用した可能性が高いと判断される。 日本の東北地方では、11~12世紀の中世初期の武士の居館址から、破砕された鉄鍋と大鎧の小札、鉄鏃、 腰刀、鍛冶具などが同時に出土する。大鎧小札の穴に紐を通して組立てた痕跡がない場合は、出土遺跡での大鎧の組立てを物語り、小札に未完成品を含む場合は、 鍛冶工房で小札生産が行われていたと推定される。また小札と鉄鍋の成分が一致する場合は、鉄鍋をリサイクルして武具・武器の素材とした可能性が考えられる。
これに対して鳥取県の坂長前田遺跡では、12世紀の武士居館から大鎧小札が出土した。近傍では砂鉄を始発原料とする製鉄が行われており、国産鉄素材から、 大鎧の小札が生産された可能性がある。
本研究では、鉄鍋・小札の出土状況と自然科学的分析値を総合的に分析し、11~12世紀の日本では国産鉄だけでなく、宋から鉄鍋を輸入し、甲冑素材とした可能性を検討した。
Abstract:
In the Japan archipelago, inner ear iron pots appeared around the 11th century. If the starting material of the iron pot is iron ore, it is judged that it is likely to be an imported product or an imported iron material. In particular, in the Tohoku region of Japan, crushed iron pots, large armor bills, iron arrowheads, waist swords, and blacksmithing tools were excavated at the same time from the ruins of samurai residences in the early medieval period in the 11-12th century. Of these, if there is no trace of assembling the large armor through a string through the hole of the large armor bill, it tells the story of the assembly of the large armor in the excavated residence, and if the bill contains an unfinished product, it is presumed that the small bill was produced in a blacksmith workshop. In addition, if the components of the iron pot match the bill or iron arrowhead, it is possible that the iron pot was recycled and used as a material for eapons and weapons. On the other hand, at the Sakacyo Maeda site in Tottori Prefecture, a large armor bill was unearthed from the ruins of a residence of an influential samurai in the 12th century. In the vicinity, ironmaking was carried out using iron sand as a starting material, and it is possible that small bills of large armor were produced from domestic iron materials. In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the excavation status of iron pots and bills and natural scientific analysis values, and examined the possibility that not only domestic iron but also iron pots were imported from the Song Dynasty and used as armor materials in Japan in the 11th 12th centuries.
