ISHIK2023
Title：The technology system of Chinese Variolation
発表者：牛亚华 （Yahua NIU）
所属：中国中医科学院中国医史文献研究所,北京100700 （China Institute for History of Medicine and Medical Literature, Beijing 100700）
キーワード：天花;人痘接种;疫苗;,清代; 《医宗金鉴》
Keywords：smallpox, variolation, vaccine, Qing dynasty, Yizong Jinjian
要旨：
约于16世纪末17世纪初,中国发明了人痘接种术,到了18世纪初,已形成了一套相对完善的技术体系。清代成书的宗金鉴》(1742)对这套体系有较为详细的介绍,概括起来包括天花病因、病理、病程、 诊断、预后、治疗、护理;人痘接种的历史、 好处、疫苗的选择、制备与保存、接种时间的选择、接种对象的条件、接种方法、接种后的护理、并发症的处理,判断接种是否成功、补种等一系列程序。基本符合现代科学精神,与1950年中央人民政府卫生部印行的在职干部补充教材《天花与种痘》有类似之处,《医宗金鉴》有关痘疹和种痘各卷合起来,可以看做是最早的疫苗接种指南。
Abstract：
Around the end of the 16th
century and the beginning of the 17th century, Chinese invented the variolation. By the early 18th century, Chinese variolation had formed a relatively complete technology system. Yizong Jinjian(医宗金鉴,Golden Mirror of Medical Principles), which was written in 1742, provides a detailed introduction to this system. To summarize, the system includes the etiology, pathology, course, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and care of smallpox; history and benefits of variolation, vaccine selection, preparation and preservation, selection of variolation time, conditions of variolation targets, methods, post vaccination care, treatment of complications, and a series of procedures such as assessing the success of variolation and reinoculation. This system was basically in line with the spirit of modern science, and similar to the supplementary textbook Smallpox and Variolation printed by the Ministry of Health of the Central People’s Government in 1950 for in-service cadres. The combination of the volumes on small pox and variolation in the Yizong Jinjian can be regarded as the earliest vaccination guidelines.