ISHIK2023
Title：Evidence from the Song Dynasty
発表者：雷鸣 王伊彤 （Ming LEI, Yitong WANG）
所属：南开大学经济学院,天津30071,中国 （Institute of Econonics, Nankai University, Tianjin 30071, China）
キーワード：政治失败, 人力资本, 社会转型, 地方精, 英, 社交网络
Keywords：Political Failure, Human Capital, Social Ttransformation, Local Elites, Social Networks
要旨：
本文基于历史计量与社会网络分析,讨论了北宋政治失败对精英下沉的影响。宋朝精英经历了由国家精英向地方精英的转变,本文使用宋朝 960-1270年310年间410个府的原始数据集,通过广义双重差分设计,发现政治失败导致了13世纪人力资本的增加。与无核心政治家所在地区相比,在宣和二年(1120年)徽宗令蔡京辞官退休之后,精英转型已发生。具体表现为,北宋核心政治家所在府人力资本增加了319.3%,进一步的稳健性和安慰剂检验也证实了这一观点。文章探索了两个机制———————士人学术网络和地区亲商学者数量,学术关系网与亲商学者数为精英下沉提供了渠道,精英在北宋晚期通过与当地知识分子尤其是亲商学者建立广泛的学术关系,来扩展自己在地方的影响力。我们的研究以政治失败为起点关注两宋精英驱动下的社会转型,不仅有利于理解精英下沉与人力资本之间的内在关系,同时也为精英驱动下的两宋社会转型提供了量化依据。
Abstract：
Based on historical measurement and social network analysis, this paper discusses the influence of political failure on the localization of the Southern Song elites. Elites in the Song dynasty has experienced the transformation from the national elites to the local elites. Using the original data set of 410 prefectures in the 310 years of 960-1270, through the DID design, we find that political failure led to the increase in human capital in the 13th century. Compared with the areas with no core politicians, after CAI Jing’s retirement in 1120, the human capital of the government of the core politicians in the Northern Song Dynasty increased by 340.6%. Further robustness and placebo tests also confirmed this view. The article explores several prominent mechanisms scholar academic network, the number of regional pro-business scholars and immigration, among which the academic network and the number of pro-business scholars provide a channel for the elites to sink. The elites expand their academic influence by establishing extensive academic relations with local intellectuals, especially their pro-business scholars. Our research focuses on the social transformation of Jingkang and the elite of the Two Song Dynasties,
which is not only conducive to understanding the internal relationship between elite sinking and human capital, but also provides a quantitative basis for the social transformation of the Song Dynasties driven by the elite.