ISHIK2023
Title：Bronze Casting and Urbanization in Late Shang Anyang the 14th-11th centuries BCE
発表者：苏荣誉 （Rongyu SU）
所属：中国科学院自然科学史研究所荣休教授 （Emeritus Professor, Institute for History of Natural Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences）
キーワード：青铜器, 青铜铸造, 垄断生产, 大邑商, 都市化
Keywords：Dayishang (Anyang), bronzes, bronze casting, monopolistic production, urbanization
要旨：
自1899年安阳发现甲骨文,证实安阳即史书所载的殷墟,即晚商的都城。1928年在安阳开始的考古发掘,逐步发现了建筑基址、王陵区、手工业作坊遗址已及大量陶、铜、玉石、骨角、漆木等遗物, 确认了殷墟丰富的文化内涵和宏大的气象,即甲骨文所称的“大邑商”。
经过九十多年的田野考古,先后发掘出包括诸多手工业作坊的数百处遗址和不同阶层的数千座墓葬,出土了数十万器物,其中青铜器和铸铜遗址十分突出。本文即是通过铸铜遗址和出土铜器分析安阳铸铜工业的发展与大邑商都市化的关系,具体讨论外来技术对大邑商青铜工业的促进、铸铜工匠不同的技术风格及其相互间的纠葛,已及商王室对青铜礼乐器铸造的垄断。通过安阳铸铜产品的输出与分布,探讨铸铜工业的社会经济角色及其在商王朝中的地位;也从特殊产品控制与分配,为认识早期中国的控制模式提供新的视角。
Abstract：
The oracle bones discovered in 1899 were confirmed to originate from Anyang, the site of the late Shang capital as recorded in historical texts. Archaeological excavations, which began in Anyang in 1928, gradually revealed architectural foundations, royal tombs, workshop sites, and a large number of artifacts such as pottery, bronze, jade, bone and antler, and lacquered wood. These findings confirmed the rich cultural content and grandeur of the royal capital of Yin, known as “Dayi Shang”(大邑商) in the oracle bones.
After more than 90 years of field archaeology, hundreds of sites containing various workshops and thousands of tombs from different social strata have been excavated. Hundreds of thousands of artifacts, with a notable emphasis on bronze objects and bronze casting sites, have been unearthed. This article analyzes the development of the bronze casting industry in Anyang and its relationship with the urbanization of Dayi Shang through the study of bronze casting sites and excavated bronze objects. It specifically discusses the influence of external technologies on the bronze industry of Dayi Shang, the diverse technical styles of bronze artisans and their interrelations, as well as the monopoly of bronze ritual casting by the Shang royal court. By examining the output and distribution of bronze products from Anyang, it explores the socio-economic role of the bronze casting industry and its status in the Shang Dynasty. It also provides a new perspective on understanding the control patterns in early China through the study of special product control and distribution.